Direct loading lehr for machine-made glass articles



' Oct. 15, 1963 F. s. WRIGHT 3,107,086

DIRECT LOADING LEI-1R FOR MACHINE-MADE GLASS ARTICLES Original Filed May 20, 1958 I v 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR 2 ar/41, BY

m4. ldlw ATTORNEYS Oct. 15, 1963 F. s. WRIGHT 3,107,086

DIRECT LOADING LEHR FOR MACHINE-MADE GLASS ARTICLES Original Filed May 20. 1958 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR fiww .fA/e/W BY W 1 w. ,4. 16.60% L ATTORNEYS Oct. 15, 1963 F. s. WRIGHT 1 3,107,086-

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do Gav-aw INVENTOR @441/ A/r/M BY W 1' M4 JdmL United States Patent 3,107,636 DEFECT LGADHNG LEHR FGR MAClfiNE-MADE GLAS ARTlCLES Francis Eltanley Wright, Toledo, Ghio, assignor to Owenslllinois Glass Company, a corporation of (lino Original application May 26, 1958, Ser. No. 736,626. Divided and this application May 4, 195?, Ser. No. 810,617

4 Claims. (Cl. 263- -8) The present invention relates to glassware annealing lehrs for use in conjunction with present day high speed automatic glassware forming machines, and more particularly to method and apparatus for handling and annealing glassware articles, such as bottles, jars and the like, which are produced in molds of these forming machines, with a minimum of handling and within a minimum period of time.

This application is a divisional of my copending application, Serial No. 736,626, filed May 20, 1958.

Under present method and apparatus for annealing formed glassware produced in the glass plant, the formed ware is customarily transferred from the finishing mold of the forming machine by a take-out device and deposited on a stationary surface or a dead plate, whereupon it is pushed onto a nearby machine conveyor. This conveyor transports the Ware over a substantial distance to a location remote from the machine where the articles of ware are each handled by a transfer device and placed on a flight conveyor which leads to a cross conveyor traveling across the loading end of the traveling mat or conveyor of an annealing lehr. Another transfer device must effect a transfer from the flight conveyor to this cross conveyor, and while the ware is on the cross conveyor in a line or row across the loading end of the lehr, it is then transferred to the lehr mat, usually by a pusher bar type lehr loading device. The lehr mat then carries the ware through the lehr for annealing and then cooling to a handling temperature.

During travel of the ware to the lehr, it is generally provided that the were changes its direction of travel one or more times, each change of direction'requiring handling by a transfer device, such as a starwheel transfer mechanism. Each transfer results in the loss of ware and each transfer device requires considerable maintenance to keep these losses to a minimum.

Normally, during movement of the ware from the mold of the forming machine to the loading end of the lehr, the articles of were produced by diiierent molds of a multiple mold machine are so co-mingled as to lose their identity with respect to the mold of the machine on which they were formed. As such, defects found in the ware upon inspection after annealing that are attributable to improper adjustment of the molding cycle of the mold on the multiple mold machine that formed any given article of Ware is almost impossible to identify readily. After loading on the lehr, the ware is brought to annealing temperature annealed at this temperature, and thereafter gradually cooled. This annealing process is necessary to relieve strains present in the ware after completion of its forming cycle by the machine and also prevents further formation of strains in the article arising after it is so formed to shape.

It is, therefore, one of the important objects of the present invention to provide method and apparatus that will eliminate all of the aforementioned handling of the glassware subsequent to transfer by take-out from the mold of the machine and hence reduce substantially the offware losses resulting from such handling. This handling of the ware is eliminated by the present invention by delivering the ware, after it is formed in the mold of the ice machine, directly to the lehr mat or conveyor by a single continuous transfer motion.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a method of loading glassware directly from the forming molds of a multiple mold machine to a traveling lehr mat or conveyor for annealing, such that the Ware is placed in separate single file rows corresponding to the machine molds that formed the were and in so doing any article of ware, while still on the lehr mat after annealing, is identifiable with respect to its forming mold on the machine. This is very advantageous to the production processes in the bottle plant since, as the ware arrives at the unloading end of the lehr, it is inspected for defects prior to packing and defects discovered in any of the ware at inspection may be attributable to and identified with a particular machine mold. This information, when relayed to the machine operator, may permit him to make adjustments to the cycle of that mold on the machine to correct for and eliminate the defect, with a minimum production loss.

Another object of the present invention is to provide method and apparatus for annealing glassware articles upon direct delivery from the forming mold of the machine to the conveyor mechanism of an annealing lehr, the conveyor mechanism being located to travel adjacent the discharge side of the forming machine. The invention insludes additionally the application of controlled chilling to the ware at the time of delivery to the lehr conveyor, this chilling effect being administered to the extent necessary only to rigidity the ware sufiiciently to maintain its finished shape. This invention eliminates all handling subsequent to transfer from the forming mold on the machine, for example, eliminates dead plates, push outs, machine conveyors, transfer wheels, cross conveyors, and lehr loaders, all these mechanisms being utilized heretofore; and thereby eliminates defects in the were normally arising through the use of such equipment.

Anotherobject of the invention is the provision of an improved cycle in the annealing lehr wherein the glassware articles are delivered from the machine molds directly to a straight line lehr conveyor and deposited thereon in a plurality of single file rows which are initially chilled and then moved in sequence through a heated conditioning zone or section of the lehr which adjusts the temperature of the ware between the various rows deposited on the lehr conveyor by bringing them to temperatures that are substantially the same. The conditioned were is then moved through an annealing zone or section to progressively bring the temperature of the articles within a relatively short time interval to their annealing temperature and therein maintained at that temperature level for a short period. The ware is then moved through a temperature controlled cooling zone for progressively cooling the articles from annealing temperature to a lower temperature at which the ware may be readily handled without damage.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved heating chamber for use in glassware annealing lehrs, wherein air is heated and forced under accurate control in a continuous circulation across the glassware articles being moved through the chamber.

Still another object of the invention, in conjunction wi the foregoing object, is provision of an improved glassware annealing lehr having conditioning, annealing, and controlled cooling sections, each said section utilizing an improved heating chamber, just mentioned, and each section being capable of independent control for accurately controlling temperature therein.

Another important object of the invention is the provision of an improved annealing lehr capable of accurate temperature control, whereby the entire annealing cycle of glassware from the time such ware is fed to it until the ware is ready for removal therefrom may be completed, compared with prior devices, in a relatively short time, such as for example, in twenty minutes.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a glassware annealing lehr made up of a plurality of similar heating chambers, just mentioned, connected endto-end to make up individually controllable conditioning, annealing and controlled cooling zones of such lehr.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from reading the following description of a preferred embodiment, the appended claims, and the accompanying drawings of the preferred embodiment to which reference is made and in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective side view showing, in operating combination according to the present invention, a wellknown Hartford-Empire IS bottle forming machine and the loading end portion of the annealing lehr of the invention which is shown being located with jars transferred directly from the forming machine molds to the conveyor of the lehr.

FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the entire lehr, which was shown only partially in FIG. 1, in operating relationship with its loading end along the side a forming machine (the latter being shown in phantom view).

FIG. 3 is a sectional end elevation view taken along line 3 3 of FIG. 2, showing the wind boxes for chilling ware placed on the lehr conveyor at its loading end.

FIG. 3A is a partial plan view taken along line 3A-3A of FIG. 3.

FIG. 4 is a sectional end elevation view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4A is a sectional side elevational view taken along line 4A-4A of FIG. 4.

FIG. 5 is a sectional elevation view taken along line 55 of FIG. 4A.

FIG. 6 is a chart illustrating an operating example under actual performance of the invention, and in which the temperatures of glassware fed to the lehr in five single file rows are plotted according to the position of these rows during movement through the controlled heated zones of the lehr.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and in particular FIG. 1, gl'assware articles, herein shown as jars 143, are blow molded in the finishing molds of the forming machine, referred to generally as 11. The forming machine herein illustrated is the well-known Hartford-Empire IS type machine having five stationary side-'by-side forming sections. This type machine is more fully disclosed in US. Patent No. 1,911,119 to H. W. Ingle. Each section of the machine includes a blow mold 12 (only one of which appears on the drawings), wherein the jars 10 are blown to finished shape. The blow molds '12 are sequentially opened after each blowing cycle is completed to permit removal of the formed article. The operation of the IS machine in performing the foregoing forming cycle is generally known and understood by persons skilled in the glass bottle industry and, therefore, should not need further description of the forming operations of the machine.

Normally provided as a part of each section of the commercial model of this type of forming machine is a bottle take-out device mounted along the machine frame and driven by air motors for gripping the formed article while resting in the mold 12 and, through the pivotal movement of a rocker arm, transfers the bottle or jar from the mold to the discharge side of the machine and deposits the ware on a dead plate. In this invention, however, the dead plate and machine conveyor are removed from the machine and the take-out devices, referred to gene-rally as 13, are relocated and supported on columns 13a attached to the side frame of the machine 11. The take-out devices 13 are assembled to be driven in sequence with the operation the arm 14 varies as between the take-out devices 13 on each of the sections of the machine and columns 13a are provided at the proper horizontal distance from the verpivotal movement of the arm 14 away from the mold to a location a horizontal distance remote from the mold and fixed by the rotation of the rocker arm 14 for each of the difierent molding sections of the machine. This pivotal movement of the arm 14 for each take-out device 13 is terminated at a fixed spot overlying the lehr conveyor belt 16. At this location, their tongs 15 release the jars 10 whereupon they settle onto the lehr conveyor for movement thereon through the heated chambers of the lehr, as will hereinafter be described.

Utilizing a five section IS machine, the jars 10 are deposited on the conveyor 16 in five single file rows, each take-out device 13 delivering formed jars 10 to separate rows on the lehr conveyor 16. This is accomplished, as

aforementioned, by having the arms 14 of the take-out devices 13 of different lengths and having their mounting columns 13a staggered at the proper operating distance from the molds along the machine frame. If FIG. 1 illustrates the first jars 19 being deposited onto the conveyor from each mold on the various sections of the machine, it is apparent that the beginning or loading end of the resulting rows of jars formed after continuous operation will be progressively staggered across the conveyor 16. This staggering may be arranged in any number of ways to form separate rows of bottles on the conveyor, but one such staggering arrangement being shown on the drawings. Any staggering arrangement, as just mentioned, accomplishes one of the objects of the invention, because all the jars delivered in any one of the rows on the conveyor '16 will originate from the same mold 12 of the machine. As will become apparent as this description progresses, the jars of any one of the rows as they all emerge from the annealing lehr will hence be identifiable with the mold that made them.

Referring to FIG. 3A, the phantom outline of the jars 10 illustrates, in a plan view, the single file rows on the conveyor 16, these rows being indicated by reference letters A through E.

After the jars '10 are deposited in the above-mentioned rows on the conveyor belt 16, they are subjected to a chilling effect of cooling air being directed upwardly from the underlying wind boxes 17, '18, 19, 20, and 21. As seen in FIG. 3A, each of these wind boxes, for example wind box 17, extends along the initial span of travel of the jars 10 being deposited in row A. The other wind boxes 12-21 are similarly situated with respect to their corresponding rows of jars B through E starting under the deposit point for each bottle of the row and extending in the direction of travel of the row on the conveyor. The wind boxes are supplied by cooling air in the header 22 which is connected to a source of cooling wind (not shown). The header 22 is connected to each of the wind boxes 17 21 by conduits numbered, respectively, 2347. Each of conducts 23-27 has an adjustable control valve 28 (shown schematically only 011- FIG. 3A) interposed therein to regulate the volume of cooling wind being transmitted through each of the wind boxes 17-21. It should also be apparent that the temperature of the cooling wind supplied may be controlled by any convenient manner, which may also con tribute to control of its chilling eifect. Hence, as the jars 10 are deposited by the take-out devices 13 on the lehr conveyor :16, they are subjected to a controlled blast of wind from beneath which may be regulated in intensity to chill the skin surface of the jar for rigidifying it sufiiciently to maintain its finished shape and prevent subsequent distortion, sagging, or out-of-round on its way toward annealing.

Referring to FIG. 2, the lehr includes the aforementioned conveyor belt 16 which is mounted for travel in endless fashion about spaced end pivots 3i and 3:1. The conveyor 16 has a span open at the top for loading ware thereon and travels along the take-out side of the forming machine 11, then through enclosed heated chambers comprising a conditioning section 32, annealing section 33, and controlled cooling section 34, each of these sections 32-34 being of similar construction, which will be hereinafter described in detail. Beyond the controlled cooling section 34 the conveyor travels through an enclosed tunnel section 35, then along a cooling span 37 open at the top whereat wind is blown down over the jars by a plurality of fans 36 mounted on upright frames. At the time the jars on the conveyor arrive at the unloading end of the lehr near the end of the travel of the conveyor about the pivot 31, they are then cooled sufficiently to permit handling, such as inspection, selection and the like, prior to packing the jars in cartons.

Referring now to FIGS. 4, 4A, and 5, the novel heated chamber, mentioned in connection with the conditioning, annealing, and controlled cooling sections of the lehr, will be described. As previously mentioned, each of these sections 32-34 are constructed similarly, and each are constructed according to the improved heated chamber of this invention for use in the annealing lehr.

A central walled enclosure composed of a top wall 38, bottom wall, 39, and side walls 4% and 41 define a longitudinal duct through the chamber. The interior of the duct has laterally spaced supports 42 and 43 having thereon conveyor guides 44 for the endless conveyor belt 16 reeved for travel therethrough. The top wall 3% and bottom wall 39 of the duct have vertical passages 45 extending therethrough. As seen in FIGS. 4A and 5, the vertical passages 45 in the top wall are in co nmunication with a first chamber 46 formed to overlie the top wall of the duct. Chamber 46 has a top opening and communicating top upright passage 4-7 which connects with the air outlet passage 48 of a forced air lower 49. The vertical passages in the bottom wall of the duct are in communication with an underlying sec ond chamber 56.

The second chamber 50 extends along the bottom wall 39 of the duct and connects with side passages 51 and 52 around one end of the duct and adjacent the side Walls 4% and 41 thereof (FIG. 4). These side passages join with a horizontal overhead passage 53 extending transversely across top wall 33 of the duct. A vertical flue passage 54 communicates with the overhead passage 53 and has a pipe 55 connected at its upper end. The pipe 55 extends to an air inlet of the forced air blower 49 (FIG. 1). Blower 49 is driven by a motor (not shown) and is a rotary type blower that receives air at its inlet from pipe 55 and forces it through its air outlet passage 48 into the first (upper) chamber 46. The air in chamber 46 is forced to circulate through the vertical passages 4-5 in the top wall 38 of the duct, thence vertically and transversely through the duct leaving by the vertical passages in the bottom wall 39. In this transverse circulation, the air is driven past the surfaces of the jars 19 supported on the length of the conveyor 16 then within the duct. The volume of the air fiow through the duct may be regulated in each of the heated sections, 32, 33 or 34- (FIG. 2) by regulating the speed or volumetric output of the blower 49 thereof.

The air being circulated is heated to the desired ten perature by a gas-fired burner unit 56 or other suitable heater means located in one of the chambers 45 or 5% the burner unit being as herein shown mounted in the second (lower) chamber (FIGS. 4, 4A and 5). One such burner unit which may be selected for heating the air is a Series 104 Gas Burner Unit for Air Heaters sold 6 by the North American Mfg. Co., described fully in their bulletin No. 104, issued December 1954. The burner is designed for use on a pull through air supply and operates under conditions of suction or negative draft. Fuel, preferably in the form of natural gas, is carried in supply main 57 and is piped along the side of the heating chambers 32, 33 and 34- (FIG. 1). Each burner of the three heating chambers of the lehr is connected to the supply main through a limiting orifice valve 58 and an inspirator 59 (FIG. 5). The inspirator mixes the proper combustible mixture or gas and outside air and is connected to the burner head which includes a gas pilot for lighting and starting the burner. The flame from the burner is issued from the burner pipe 61 which opens down wind in chamber 50 (FIG. 4A). The burning of the gas fuel thus heats the air being circulated through chamber 50 and this air, after be ng heated sufficiently, travels through the side passages 51 or 52 (FIG. 4), the overhead cross passage 53, the vertical passage 54, pipe 55 into the air inlet of the blower 4?, which then forces it through the air outlet of the blower, thence through upright passage 47, the first chamber 46, the vertical passages 45, which perforate the eitective heating length of the duct, for causing circulation of the heated air downwardly across the bottles carried in the duct. This circulation is indicated generally by arrows on FIG. 4A.

As previously mentioned in conjunction with FIG. 2, three heated chamber structures, just described, are connected end to end so that the duct of each registers with the duct of the adjacent chamber. The endless conveyor mat or belt 16 is then assembled to travel through this duct. The air circulation of the first heating chamber 32 is regulated to the proper volume of air movement by a setting of its blower 49 and the gas supply to its burner unit se is regulated so that the beating etiect of the heated air moving over the rows of jars in that section will bring the articles in each of the rows to substantially the same temperature. This heating control is demonstrated on the graph of FIG. 6. The temperatures of jars 1% were measured in the various rows A-E as they were moved through the heating chambers of the lehr. The linear speed of the conveyor 16 in the aforementioned example data was at 61 inches per minute. The temperatures were recorded beginning at the point of entry or" the jars into the duct of the eating chamber 32 (0 distance). The jars in row A at this point were about 1100 P. which is the hi hest temperature among all the rows A-E due to the fact that the jars of row A, being deposited very near the entry of the conditioning section, have the least time to cool. The other rows BE are deposited at progressively greater distance from this entry point by reason of the arrangement of the take-out units of the machine sections.

As indicated on the graph, the heating chamber serving as the conditioning section or zone of the lehr in this example is approximately inches in length. The mean heating eitect of the temperature being maintained in the duct of that zone was about 950980 F. and was controlled by regulation of the gas burner unit 56 and the blower 49. Hence, as can be seen. the jars in the various rows entered the heated conditioning Zone at temperatures of 1100" F., 1000" -F., 860 F, 320 F., and 750 F., and were brought to substantially similar temperatures grouped between 960 F. and 995 F. These temperatures could actually be grouped closer together if need be by certain adjustments being made with respect to the conditioning section, such as adjusting either the conveyor speed or lengthening the heating chamber 32. When the jars leave the conditioning section they immediately enter the annealing section 33 and are, in this example, then just slightly below annealing temperature. It appears from this example that the annealing temperature for the particular ware being treated is about 1010 F. It may be desirable to condition the were at a temperature above the annealing temperahim, so that actually, during annealing in the annealing section the ware is cooled or gradually lowered in temperature. The air circulation and gas heating in the annealing zone are adjusted to produce a temperature of the ware at an annealing temperature. The annealing section 33 in the present example is approximately 256 inches in length.

After the ware leaves the annealing section it immediately enters the heated chamber 34 which is regulated in temperature as a controlled cooling section or zone. The burner unit and burner is regulated to produce a temperature of about 900 F. In the present example, this cooling section is approximately 240 inches in length.

After the ware emerges from the controlled cooling section 34 it passes through a refractory tunnel section 35 which is of sufiicient length to allow the ware to cool to a temperature at which it can be subjected to ambient air or cooling wind on the open span 37 of the lehr. Cooling of the ware is accelerated by air circulated down onto it by the fans 36 mounted overhead.

In the example of the operation of the invention just described, the ware, from the time of its loading onto the lehr mat directly from the forming mold to the time of its removal at the unloading end of the lehr on section 37, consumes approximately 20 minutes.

Since operators and other factory personnel work near the loading end of the lehr, a safety feature is provided, and is shown on the drawings in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4A, which prevents hot gases from blowing out of the entrance of the duct at the conditioning section 32. The structure of this feature comprises a hood 80 across the entrance to the duct of the heating chamber of the conditioning section 32 and is an outward horizontal extension of that duct. A vertical flue 81 extends upwardly from the top of the hood adjacent this duct entrance and communicates with the hood 80. The flue may exhaust to the atmosphere overhead, however, it is preferable to mount a fan =32 across the flue 81 to control the volume of hot gases being expelled. An exhaust duct 83 is incorporated at the outlet side of the fan 82 and may be extended to a remote location for exhausting the hot gases without danger to machine operator personnel.

Various modifications may be resorted to within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

:1. In a glassware annealing lehr, a perforate lehr mat for continuously moving ware in a straight line path into and through conditioning, annealing, and cooling zones, said mat adapted for extending adjacent the take-out side of a glass forming machine and adapted to receive ware in an upright position by transfer directly thereto upon removal from the forming molds of the machine; means defining a tunnel enclosing a portion of the span of said lehr mat, upper and lower perforated walls in opposite sides of tunnel for conducting a flow of air vertically therethrough, means for heating air at the underside of said tunnel and circulating the heated air vertically down- Wardly through the tunnel along a longitudinal portion thereof, said portion defining the conditioning zone and said means being adapted to heat the air being circulated sufliciently to bring all glassware articles traveling through said conditioning zone to substantially the same temperature below their annealing temperature, second means effective for heating air at the underside of said tunnel and circulating the heated air externally of the tunnel and then vertically downwardly through the tunnel along an adjacent portion of its length beyond the portion forming said conditioning zone, this latter portion defining the annealing zone, said second means being adapted to heat the air being circulated sufiieiently to bring the temperature of all glassware traveling through said annealing zone to annealing temperature, and means beyond said latter portion forming said annealing zone for circulating air vertically downwardly through the tunnel for progressively cooling glassware upon leaving the annealing zone.

2. In a glassware annealing lehr, means defining a tunnel, an open mesh, endless conveyor for transporting glassware through said tunnel and having a span extending outwardly from the entrance to said tunnel a substantial horizontal distance adapted for receiving ware transferred directly to said conveyor in upright position from molding sections of a forming machine disposed adjacent the side of said conveyor span, said tunnel defining means comprising a plurality of sections successively arranged along said conveyor, including a first conditioning section including heating means connected for heating air in the bottom of said section beneath said conveyor to a temperature below annealing temperature for the ware, means connected into the top of the tunnel at the fore end of this section for moving the heated air downwardly through the tunnel and across the wane, at least two elongated heating sections disposed end-to-end after said conditioning section, each heating section including a duct in the upper side of the tunnel and extending longitudinally of said section throughout substantially its entire length, said duct having a perforate wall connecting it and the tunnel for directing air downwardly onto the ware, each heating section also including a duct in the lower side of the tunnel extending coextensively with the upper duct and having a perforate wall connecting this lower duct and the tunnel for exhausing air from the tunnel, a fuel burner in said lower 'duct for heating the air therein to a temperature for annealing ware in the lehr, means connecting one end of the lower duct with said upper duct and including a forced air fan for drawing heated air from said lower duct to the upper duct and forcing circulation of said air in the upper duct vertically downwardly through the tunnel and across the ware into the lower duct, said air also being adapted for flushing the interior of the ware, thereby uniformly elevating it to annealing temperature.

3. In a glassware annealing lehr, a wall enclosure defining an elongated horizontal tunnel, the top and bottom walls of the tunnel being perforated throughout for circulating air vertically through said tunnel, a perforate horizontal conveyor belt extending through and beyond the ends of said tunnel, said belt being adapted to receive and support formed glassware in upright position, upper and lower external chambers extending longitudinally of said tunnel and connected with the tunnel through said perforated top and bottom walls respectively, a forced air blower having an air inlet means and air outiet means, the air outlet means being connected with said upper chamber, a passageway connection external of the tunnel extending between said lower chamber and the air inlet means of said blower, said blower forcing circulation of air vertically downwardly through the tunnel which is adapted to flow past all surfaces of the glassware, and gas heater means in said lower chamber for heating the air while undergoing circulation.

4. In a glassware annealing lehr, top, bottom, and opposed side walls defining an elongated tunnel, the top and bottom walls being perforated throughout for circulating air transversely through the tunnel, a perforate conveyor belt extending through and beyond the ends of the tunnel, said belt being adapted to receive and support formed glassware in upright position, a top duct connected with the perforate bottom wall of the cum nel, said top and bottom ducts respectively extending longitudinally of said top and bottom walls of the tunnel, a gas-fired burner in the bottom duct operable for heating air therein sufficiently for annealing glassware in the tunnel, a forced air blower having an air inlet and an air outlet, means connecting said outlet and the top duct to deliver air from the blower to the top duct, and a passage externally of the tunnel and connected between the bottom duct and said air inlet to deliver heated air from the bottom duct to said blower, thereby providing a downward circulation of heated air in the tunnel which is adapted to flow past all surfaces of the glassware articles supported therein 0n the conveyor belt to uniformly heat the articles to annealing temperature.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,774,161 Wetmore Aug. 26, 1930 10 Hall Mar. 31, 1936 Byron Nov. 1, 1938 Clements June 26, 19-51 Wambreuze Feb. 16, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS Germany May 18, 1922 Great Britain I an. 25, 1956 Great Britain Aug. 14, 1957 

3. IN A GLASSWARE ANNEALING LEHR, A WALL ENCLOSURE DEFINING AN ELONGATED HORIZONTAL TUNNEL, THE TOP AND BOTTOM WALLS OF THE TUNNEL BEING PERFORATED THROUGHOUT FOR CIRCULATING AIR VERTICALLY THROUGH SAID TUNNEL, A PERFORATE HORIZONTAL CONVEYOR BELT EXTENDING THROUGH AND BEYOND THE ENDS OF THE TUNNEL, SAID BELT BEING ADAPTED TO RECEIVE AND SUPPORT FORMED GLASSWARE IN UPRIGHT POSITION, UPPER AND LOWER EXTERNAL CHAMBERS EXTENDING LONGITUDINALLY OF SAID TUNNEL AND CONNECTED WITH THE TUNNEL THROUGH SAID PERFORATED TOP AND BOTTOM WALLS RESPECTIVELY, A FORCED AIR BLOWER HAVING AN AIR INLET MEANS AND AIR OUTLET MEANS THE AIR OUTLET MEANS BEING CONNECTED WITH SAID UPPER CHAMBER, A PASSAGEWAY CONNECTION EXTERNAL OF THE TUNNEL EXTENDING BETWEEN SAID LOWER CHAMBER AND THE AIR INLET MEANS OF SAID BLOWER, SAID BLOWER FORCING CIRCULATION OF AIR VERTICALLY DOWNWARDLY THROUGH THE TUNNEL WHICH IS ADAPTED TO FLOW PAST ALL SURFACES OF THE GLASSWARE, AND GAS HEATER MEANS IN SAID LOWER CHAMBER FOR HEATING THE AIR WHILE UNDERGOING CIRCULATION. 